{"id":287594,"date":"2016-08-24T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-08-24T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ac-franchise.be\/ii-la-loi-macron-vue-par-un-avocat-europeen-expert-en-franchise-4060"},"modified":"2019-09-19T10:00:31","modified_gmt":"2019-09-19T09:00:31","slug":"ii-la-loi-macron-vue-par-un-avocat-europeen-expert-en-franchise-4060","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ac-franchise.be\/article\/ii-la-loi-macron-vue-par-un-avocat-europeen-expert-en-franchise-4060","title":{"rendered":"II. La loi Macron vue par un avocat europ\u00e9en expert en franchise"},"content":{"rendered":"
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De\u00a0nombreux contrats de franchise ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s au sein des pays membres de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne<\/b>\u00a0pr\u00e9voient leur soumission \u00e0 la loi fran\u00e7aise et aux juridictions fran\u00e7aises, tr\u00e8s souvent le Tribunal de Commerce de Paris ou des chambres d\u2019arbitrage.\u00a0Beaucoup de contrats de franchise ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s en Belgique et ailleurs en Europe ou dans le monde\u00a0sont soumis \u00e0 la loi fran\u00e7aise.<\/p>\n

AC Franchise a donc demand\u00e9 \u00e0 Pierre Demolin,\u00a0un avocat Belge expert de la franchise\u00a0<\/b>de nous donner son\u00a0\u00e9clairage sur les mutations du droit fran\u00e7ais applicable aux contrats de franchise. Sa r\u00e9ponse sur l\u2019\u00e9volution du droit de la distribution commerciale en France vu de la Belgique est structur\u00e9e en 3 parties :
I.\u00a0La r\u00e9forme du droit des contrats en France<\/a><\/b>\u00a0<\/a>(suivez le lien)
II. La loi Macron \u00a0<\/b>(ci-dessous)
III. La loi El Khomri\u00a0<\/a><\/b>\u00a0(suivez le lien)<\/p>\n

D’autre part le\u00a0<\/b>congr\u00e8s franco-belge de la franchise organis\u00e9 le 13 septembre \u00e0 Lille au salon Cr\u00e9er<\/a><\/b>\u00a0permettra aux franchiseurs, masters-franchis\u00e9s et experts d’\u00e9changer sur ce sujet et de nouer de pr\u00e9cieux contacts.<\/b><\/p>\n

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La Loi Macron<\/h3>\n
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Apr\u00e8s des mois de discussions et environ 2.300 amendements, la loi 2015-990 du 6 ao\u00fbt 2015 pour la croissance, l\u2019activit\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 des chances \u00e9conomiques, dite loi Macron, a \u00e9t\u00e9 promulgu\u00e9e et publi\u00e9e au Journal Officiel le 7 ao\u00fbt 2015. Elle est entr\u00e9e en vigueur le\u00a0 8 ao\u00fbt 2015, m\u00eame si certains articles n’entreront en application qu’ult\u00e9rieurement suite \u00e0 la publication de d\u00e9crets conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l’\u00e9ch\u00e9ancier d’application de la loi.
Cette loi contient de nombreuses dispositions dans des domaines tr\u00e8s vari\u00e9s.\u00a0Elle a un impact essentiel sur la vie des r\u00e9seaux de franchise.<\/b>
Nous insistons sur deux changements importants du Code de commerce :<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

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A) \u00c9ch\u00e9ance commune des contrats conclus avec l\u2019exploitant d\u2019un magasin de d\u00e9tail<\/h3>\n
La loi instaure l\u2019alignement des \u00e9ch\u00e9ances des contrats conclus entre le promoteur du r\u00e9seau et la personne exploitant un magasin de d\u00e9tail. Tous les contrats conclus entre les deux parties ayant pour but commun l\u2019exploitation de ce magasin doivent avoir une date d\u2019\u00e9ch\u00e9ance commune. En cas de r\u00e9siliation d\u2019un des contrats, l\u2019ensemble des contrats <\/b>(NDLR :\u00a0sign\u00e9s avec cet adh\u00e9rent)\u00a0sera r\u00e9sili\u00e9<\/b>[16]<\/b>.<\/b>
Le franchiseur doit retenir cette r\u00e8gle lorsqu\u2019il signe plusieurs contrats avec un seul franchis\u00e9 car, \u00e0 d\u00e9faut, il pourrait \u00eatre confront\u00e9 \u00e0 des risques de sortie anticip\u00e9e d\u2019un franchis\u00e9 suite \u00e0 la r\u00e9siliation d\u2019un des contrats sign\u00e9s par lui.<\/p>\n

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B)\tLa clause de non concurrence<\/h3>\n
Toute clause qui a pour effet, apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9ch\u00e9ance ou la r\u00e9siliation d\u2019un contrat de franchise<\/b>, de restreindre la libert\u00e9 d\u2019exercice de l\u2019activit\u00e9 commerciale de l\u2019exploitant qui a pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment souscrit ce contrat, est r\u00e9put\u00e9e non \u00e9crite[17] .
Une exception existe cependant <\/b>si les conditions cumulatives suivantes sont r\u00e9unies :
1) la clause concerne des biens et services en concurrence avec ceux qui font l\u2019objet du contrat de franchise ;
2) elle est limit\u00e9e aux terrains et locaux \u00e0 partir desquels l\u2019exploitant exerce son activit\u00e9 pendant la dur\u00e9e du contrat ;
3) elle est indispensable \u00e0 la protection du savoir-faire substantiel sp\u00e9cifique et secret transmis dans le cadre du contrat ;
4) sa dur\u00e9e n\u2019exc\u00e8de pas un an apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9ch\u00e9ance ou la r\u00e9siliation du contrat.<\/p>\n

On constatera imm\u00e9diatement deux innovations :<\/b>
1)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0l\u2019exception limite la clause aux locaux exploit\u00e9s par le franchis\u00e9 ;
2)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0il convient de d\u00e9montrer le caract\u00e8re indispensable \u00e0 la protection d\u2019un savoir-faire sp\u00e9cifique.<\/p>\n

Certes, il s\u2019agit l\u00e0 de la reprise des r\u00e8gles europ\u00e9ennes et de la jurisprudence mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 il faut \u00eatre plus nuanc\u00e9. En effet, le r\u00e8glement d\u2019exemption europ\u00e9enne du 20 avril 2010 pr\u00e9voit que la clause doit \u00eatre indispensable \u00e0 la protection d\u2019un savoir-faire transf\u00e9r\u00e9 par le fournisseur \u00e0 l\u2019acheteur et le savoir-faire est constitu\u00e9, selon le r\u00e8glement europ\u00e9en, par un ensemble secret, substantiel et identifi\u00e9 tandis que la loi Macron ne parle que d\u2019un savoir-faire \u00ab sp\u00e9cifique \u00bb. Cette notion de sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 suscitera des d\u00e9bats qui devront \u00eatre suivis soigneusement. On peut penser qu\u2019elle vise la notion d\u2019originalit\u00e9 du savoir-faire et le fait que le franchis\u00e9 avait la possibilit\u00e9, en souscrivant le contrat, de ne pas devoir lui-m\u00eame faire des exp\u00e9riences personnelles pour acqu\u00e9rir un savoir-faire dont il ignorait tout.<\/p>\n

Finalement, on constate que cette disposition de la loi Macron l\u00e9gitime la clause de non concurrence<\/b> mais en rendant plus exigeantes les conditions de sa validation.<\/p>\n

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<\/a> <\/p>\n
Ma\u00eetre Pierre Demolin du cabinet DBB membre de la f\u00e9d\u00e9ration belge de la franchise <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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A propos de Pierre DEMOLIN<\/h3>\n
Pierre DEMOLIN est avocat \u00e0 Bruxelles et \u00e0 Paris<\/b>. Il est l’un des\u00a0fondateurs du cabinet d\u2019avocats DBB Law (cabinet implant\u00e9 \u00e0 Bruxelles, Soignies, Mons, Charleroi, Luxembourg et Paris). Parmi ses fonctions et qualifications nous retiendrons qu’il est membre du Coll\u00e8ge des experts et de la commission juridique de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Belge de la Franchise, arbitre en mati\u00e8re de droit de la distribution (franchise, agence internationale, concession de vente) et\u00a0Pr\u00e9sident de la Commission d\u2019arbitrage institu\u00e9e en application de la loi belge du 19 d\u00e9cembre 2005 sur l\u2019information pr\u00e9contractuelle en mati\u00e8re de contrats de partenariat commercial. Expert reconnu par le monde de la franchise, il est aussi l’auteur de nombreuses publications.

En mai 2016, avec Gilbert Lardinois, il a cr\u00e9\u00e9 la section\u00a0belge du\u00a0Franchise Business Club<\/a>\u00a0fond\u00e9 en 2011\u00a0par Jean Samper d’AC Franchise.\u00a0Pour en savoir plus, suivez ce lien vers sa\u00a0fiche annuaire des experts de la franchise<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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Notes<\/h3>\n
<\/i>[16] Sauf pour les contrats de baux commerciaux, les contrats d\u2019association et les contrats de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, commerciale ou coop\u00e9rative \u2013 Article L.341-1 du Code de commerce.<\/i><\/i>
[17]<\/i> Article L.341-2 du Code de commerce.<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

De\u00a0nombreux contrats de franchise ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s au sein des pays membres de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne\u00a0pr\u00e9voient leur soumission \u00e0 la loi fran\u00e7aise et aux juridictions fran\u00e7aises, tr\u00e8s souvent le Tribunal de Commerce de Paris ou des chambres d\u2019arbitrage.\u00a0Beaucoup de contrats de franchise ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s en Belgique et ailleurs en Europe ou dans le monde\u00a0sont soumis \u00e0 la loi fran\u00e7aise. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":287592,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-287594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites-des-experts","entry","has-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nII. 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