{"id":296473,"date":"2009-02-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-02-01T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ac-franchise.be\/le-vietnam-en-recul"},"modified":"2009-02-01T01:00:00","modified_gmt":"2009-02-01T00:00:00","slug":"le-vietnam-en-recul","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ac-franchise.be\/article\/le-vietnam-en-recul","title":{"rendered":"Le Vietnam en recul"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le pays s’attendait \u00e0 entrer dans les pays \u00e9mergents mais l’inflation associ\u00e9e au d\u00e9ficit commercial et \u00e0 la grogne sociale remettent tout en cause. <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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Tout allait bien pour le Vietnam ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es : un PIB qui lui permettait d’entrer dans les pays \u00e9mergents, des exportations importantes le situant devant l’Inde pour le riz et devant le Br\u00e9sil pour le caf\u00e9 et une population sortant majoritairement de la pauvret\u00e9. Mais l’\u00e9conomie vietnamienne conna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais une p\u00e9riode de difficult\u00e9s intenses. L’inflation a atteint un taux de 25,2 % en mai <\/em><\/strong>2008 et le co\u00fbt de la vie devient insupportable pour les vietnamiens. Deux atouts importants se trouvent menac\u00e9s : la faiblesse du co\u00fbt de la main d’uvre et la stabilit\u00e9 politique. <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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L’aide sovi\u00e9tique est en baisse et il faut d\u00e9collectiviser les terres. Mais le Vietnam n’est pas la Chine, c’est un pays moins id\u00e9ologique, les gens d\u00e9fendent d’abord leurs affaires priv\u00e9es. Cette mentalit\u00e9 n’est pas nouvelle, il y a dix ans on trouvait ici une ambiance de Far West. <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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La premi\u00e8re p\u00e9riode faste connue date de 1995, les investisseurs, majoritairement asiatiques, ont afflu\u00e9. Mais une crise financi\u00e8re les a mod\u00e9r\u00e9s d\u00e8s 1997. C’est \u00e0 partir de 2000 que l’ouverture reprend : reconnaissance des entreprises priv\u00e9es, ouverture de la Bourse et lancement des privatisations modernisent l’\u00e9conomie. En 2007 le Vietnam a m\u00eame adh\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 l’OMC (organisation mondiale du commerce). Les investissements directs atteignent 20 milliards en 2007. L’ancienne colonie fran\u00e7aise est la base id\u00e9ale pour l’exportation de produits textiles, chaussures, \u00e9lectroniques ou pi\u00e8ces automobiles. <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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Le Gouvernement n’a pas sembl\u00e9 suffisamment r\u00e9actif lorsque les indicateurs ont donn\u00e9 des signes d’alarme. En mars il a cependant instaur\u00e9 un contr\u00f4le des prix, limit\u00e9 le cr\u00e9dit et \u00e9largi la bande de fluctuation du change pour permettre au dong, la monnaie nationale, de s’appr\u00e9cier et att\u00e9nuer l’inflation. Mais d\u00e8s le mois mai il \u00e9largissait \u00e0 nouveau la bande de fluctuation pour favoriser les exportations <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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En d\u00e9pit d’un optimisme de fa\u00e7ade qui perdure, comme \u00e0 la semaine fran\u00e7aise du Vietnam, l’\u00e9conomie est en perte de vitesse<\/em><\/strong> surtout en raison de l’inflation galopante aujourdhui. En fait ce sont les importations qui sont boost\u00e9es : produits alimentaires, p\u00e9trole raffin\u00e9, machines et m\u00eames v\u00eatements sont en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante.\u00a0La classe moyenne n’h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 s’endetter et l’immobilier devient beaucoup plus cher. Avec 8 % de croissance le Vietnam reste en de\u00e7\u00e0 des pays voisins<\/em><\/strong>. <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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… Tant que le secteur bancaire tient, la crise est \u00e9vit\u00e9e<\/em><\/strong>. On redoute l’\u00e9clatement de la bulle de l’immobilier. De plus le pays doit diminuer les lourdeurs administratives et les m\u00e9faits de la corruption. La pratique de la petite enveloppe est courante et peut entra\u00eener une augmentation de 5 \u00e0 15 % du prix d’un projet. Il s’agit de respecter le guide des bonnes pratiques de l’OCDE<\/em><\/strong>. Les avis divergent sur ce sujet, certains pensent que la corruption a atteint un pic car les nouvelles g\u00e9n\u00e9rations veulent gagner leur argent diff\u00e9remment, mais d’autres \u00e9voquent des relations commerciales parfois opaques, avec sous-traitants ou revendeurs qui font transiter les marchandises par Hong Kong, prennent leur commissions et diminuent en apparence les marges, donc les ressources fiscales… <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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Dominique Deslandes <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le pays s’attendait \u00e0 entrer dans les pays \u00e9mergents mais l’inflation associ\u00e9e au d\u00e9ficit commercial et \u00e0 la grogne sociale remettent tout en cause. Tout allait bien pour le Vietnam ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es : un PIB qui lui permettait d’entrer dans les pays \u00e9mergents, des exportations importantes le situant devant l’Inde pour le riz et […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[134],"class_list":["post-296473","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualites-de-la-franchise","tag-emplacements-locaux","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe Vietnam en recul<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le pays s'attendait \u00e0 entrer dans les pays \u00e9mergents mais l'inflation associ\u00e9e au d\u00e9ficit commercial et \u00e0 la grogne sociale remettent tout en cause. 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